Asian Longhorned Beetle

Asian longhorned beetle male, specimen
Invasive
Scientific Name
Anoplophora glabripennis
Family
Cerambycidae (long-horned beetles) in the order Coleoptera (beetles)
Description

The adult Asian longhorned beetle (ALB) is shiny black with white spots. The antennae are long and have alternating bands of black and white. The antennae are usually 1 to 2 times greater than the length of the body. The upper sections of the legs are whitish to blue.

The larvae are yellowish white, wormlike, cylindrical, and fleshy, with a varied texture on the underside.

The pupae are off-white to light brown and appear like an immature version of the adult with legs and antennae compressed against the body.

Similar species: The ALB should not be confused with the cottonwood borer, a native longhorned beetle. The adult cottonwood borer has a more even mix of black and white patterns on its body and has solid black antennae.

If you think you have found this insect in Missouri, please report it to MDC as soon as possible.

Size
Adult beetles ¾–1½ inches long. Larvae up to 2 inches long. Pupae 1–1¼ inch long and ½ inch wide.
Where To Find
image of Asian Longhorned Beetle Distribution Map
There are no known ALB populations in Missouri. Active ALB infestations are known in Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, and South Carolina. We must remain vigilant so we can eradicate any infestations should they occur. Never transport firewood, because moving firewood or other wood materials from an infested area can spread ALB.

Native to Asia, the Asian longhorned beetle was most likely transported to the United States in solid wood packing material like pallets and crates. Currently, ALB infestations are being eradicated in Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, and South Carolina.

Infestations in the United States are generally the result of the beetle’s larvae hitching a ride in wood packaging material used to secure heavy freight during shipping from Asia. With the amount of freight coming from overseas and the speed at which it gets here, pest introductions like this are very real threats to Missouri’s trees and forests.

Left undetected, the ALB will girdle the vascular system of trees, causing them to wither and die. It is vital that we keep the ALB out of Missouri.

Adult beetles eat leaves and twigs, while young larvae tunnel beneath the bark and feed on phloem (the inner bark) of the branches and trunk. As they grow, the larvae tunnel deeper into the tree through the sapwood.

In the United States, this insect's preferred trees include maple species (such as boxelder, Norway, red, silver and sugar maples), as well as horsechestnut, buckeyes, black locust, elms, birches, willows, poplars, sycamore, and ashes.

Invasive species not presently in Missouri. Left undetected, the tunneling of this insect will cause trees to wither and die.

If you think you have found this insect in Missouri, please report it to MDC as soon as possible.

Adults are active from summer to mid-fall. Females dig crater-shaped holes ½ inch in diameter into bark to deposit their eggs. The hole may appear orange. Larval feeding galleries or tunneling may be visible on severely impacted trees. It takes three years for the ALB to mature. When the adult beetles emerge, they leave behind a hole ⅜ inch in diameter. Wood shavings may be found around the base of infested trees.
Asian Longhorned Beetle Control
Arriving from overseas inside the wood of crates and pallets, the ALB could be worse than Dutch elm disease, chestnut blight, and gypsy moths, destroying millions of acres of America’s hardwoods. Our lumber, maple syrup, nursery, commercial fruit, and tourism industries could be devastated.
In its native Asia and in America, the ALB is extremely destructive to hardwood trees. There are some predators that can kill individual ALBs, but this destructive beetle spends most of its life in larval form, hidden inside trees, away from its predators. Humans must control this invasive pest.
Media Gallery
Asian longhorned beetle male, specimen
The invasive Asian longhorned beetle (ALB) is shiny black with white spots. The antennae are long and have alternating bands of black and white. The antennae are usually 1 to 2 times greater than the length of the body. The upper sections of the legs are whitish to blue.
Steven Valley, Oregon Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org
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Photo of Asian longhorned beetle, an invasive forest pest
The Asian longhorned beetle (ALB) has not been found in Missouri, but it could arrive at any time.
Forestry Images
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Asian longhorned beetle larva, held in someone's fingers
ALB larvae are yellowish-white, wormlike, cylindrical, and fleshy, with a varied texture on the underside. While young, larvae tunnel beneath the bark and feed on the inner bark of tree branches and trunk. As they grow, they tunnel deeper into the sapwood. The preferred trees of this invasive species include nearly all our maple species.
Kenneth R. Law, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org
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Photo of Asian longhorned beetle pupa inside gallery in wood
The pupae of Asian longhorned beetles are off-white to light brown and resemble an immature version of the adult with legs and antennae compressed against the body. The Asian longhorned beetle was most likely transported to the United States as pupae and larvae hidden within the wood of pallets and crates.
Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources - Forestry Archive, Bugwood.org
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Photo of an Asian longhorned beetle on a log near its exit hole
Kenneth R. Law, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org
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Asian longhorned beetle male, specimen
Photo of Asian longhorned beetle, an invasive forest pest
Asian longhorned beetle larva, held in someone's fingers
Photo of Asian longhorned beetle pupa inside gallery in wood
Photo of an Asian longhorned beetle on a log near its exit hole
Similar Species
About Land Invertebrates in Missouri
Invertebrates are animals without backbones, including earthworms, slugs, snails, and arthropods. Arthropods—invertebrates with “jointed legs” — are a group of invertebrates that includes crayfish, shrimp, millipedes, centipedes, mites, spiders, and insects. There may be as many as 10 million species of insects alive on earth today, and they probably constitute more than 90 percent all animal species.